Interviews with Doan View Hoat

Another aspect that we have to look at, too, is the international intervention to the situation in Vietnam; to help the dissidents, even the prisoners, when they are put in jail. In my own case and many others, like [leading Vietnamese democracy activist Dr. Nguyen Dan] Que’s case, first to do the intervention so that they have to shorten the period – the time of imprisonment for us – down to eight years only, from 15 years in prison. And also they could not treat us too badly in prison, even if they isolated myself.

So I think the intervention of international community, even United Nations, is very, very important and very needed for dissidents inside Vietnam. But until now, I think it’s not enough. It can only intervene in the cases that have been known by international community. But there are thousands, thousands of people who are harassed, house arrested, or even put in jail in local prisons, who are not known by international community and especially by the media.

For the media, I think they have not played a role yet in this case. They might pay attention more on Burma, for example, on China, maybe. But not on Vietnam yet. For business, for example, they don’t pay almost any attention to human rights violation in Vietnam until now. I haven’t seen that yet. Even for labor rights, for example, for the very bad treatment of the workers, for example, I don’t see business community in America or around the world to pay attention to the problems of workers in Vietnam. And I deplore that situation.

So, I think that NGOs have done much better. Human rights NGO have done much better. They have paid more attention to us, to dissidents, to harassment. But they don’t have enough information. They don’t know that thousands of people are still being harassed. Sometimes, some cases are brought up to them; they will react very fast, for them. So we need, ourselves, we need to give them more information, news about that.

For the media, I think they pay more attention to business, like the business. They pay more attention to what’s happening to the people economically, socially. They don’t know much about dissenting voices. The dissidents, for example, cannot get in touch with the newsmen in Vietnam. They cannot because they will be arrested, et cetera. So that’s one of the reasons. The second reason is because there are no courageous, very highly internationally known [dissidents] in Vietnam, like in Burma, for example, with Aung San Suu Kyi. She’s well known all around the world, and she had a Nobel Laureate award.

But Venerable Thich Quang Do [a leading Vietnamese dissident and Patriarch of the outlawed Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam], for example, he’s well known too. But he’s a Buddhist. He’s not a politician.

So, I think that that those are other factors. Another factor is the Communist party itself in Vietnam. They know how to find a new way to harass the dissidents. Instead of putting them in jail to bring them up to the media, they will secretly harass them. And the newsmen don’t know. Even if they want to, they don’t know.

Doan Viet Hoat is a writer, scholar and former longtime prisoner of conscience from Vietnam. He has been called “the Sakharov of Vietnam,” a reference to Soviet dissident and Nobel Peace Prize winner Andrei Sakharov. Hoat protested the South Vietnamese government’s suppression of certain Buddhist religious leaders in the 1960s while still a student.

In April 1975, when North Vietnam took over South Vietnam, Hoat remained in Vietnam. He was imprisoned in 1976 when the Communist government embarked on mass arrests of South Vietnamese intellectuals.

He spent the next 12 years in a cramped cell shared with 40 other prisoners.

Upon his release, Hoat began publishing an underground magazine entitled Freedom Forum (Dien Dan Tu Do). After a few months, he was arrested and detained without trial for two years. In March 1993, he was sentenced to 20 years in prison for “attempting to overthrow the people’s government.” Throughout his imprisonment, Hoat continued to issue statements on democracy and to offer criticisms of the regime that were smuggled out of prison. He was then sent to a labor camp in a remote part of the country where he spent four and a half years in solitary confinement.

In 1998, after intense international pressure, Hoat was released and sent into exile. He now lives in the United States and continues his activities to promote human rights and democratic reforms in Vietnam.

Vietnam is a country of nearly 90 million people in Southeast Asia. In 938 A.D., it achieved independence after a millennium of imperial Chinese rule. Vietnam was ruled by a series of dynasties until it was colonized by France in the mid-19th century. It was occupied by Japan in World War II. From 1945 to 1954, French colonial forces battled Vietnamese forces in the first Indochinese War. France withdrew, leading to the establishment of two Vietnamese states – communist North Vietnam and South Vietnam, allied with the west. War between the North and South began in 1954 and continued until 1975. American forces began arriving in 1955 and the U.S. military effort dramatically expanded in the 1960s.

With the withdrawal of U.S. forces in 1973, North Vietnam intensified its war against the South. In 1976, the country was officially reunified under communist control. Over one million South Vietnamese were sent to reeducation camps and millions left the country as refugees. In the late 1970s, Vietnam intervened in Cambodia’s civil war, leading to military conflict with China.

The economy stagnated due to communist policies and the challenges of recovery from the decades-long civil war. In 1986, the government began instituting market-oriented reforms, which allowed for greater economic freedom while maintaining strong government control. These reforms, known as doi moi, have led to dramatic economic growth. In the first part of the 21st century, Vietnam has been among the fastest growing economies in the world. The country has become increasingly integrated into the world economy, joining organizations such as the World Trade Organization and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Despite the progress, issues like income inequality and corruption remain major challenges for Vietnam.

Communist political control remains firmly in place. There are no legal opposition parties or political movements. The media remains under tight state control. In recent years the Vietnamese government has devoted special attention to suppressing free expression on the Internet. Authorities have arrested and imprisoned dozens of bloggers and have blocked access to Facebook and other social networking sites.
Religious freedom remains a contentious issue. The government has targeted religious believers who worship outside officially recognized churches or protest government takings of church property. The government has lashed out against Catholic, Protestant, and Buddhist groups and activists, as well as the human rights lawyers who attempt to defend them. These and other prisoners of conscience are typically charged with crimes such as “abusing democratic freedoms,” using “freedom of religion to injure the national unity,” and “fleeing abroad to oppose the government.”

Some political or religious activists who are members of certain ethnic minority groups are subjected to particularly harsh treatment. Several hundred Montagnards, an overwhelmingly Christian ethnic minority in the Central Highlands, are currently imprisoned for their participation in protests demanding religious freedom and an end to confiscation of traditional Montagnard lands. Other targets of persecution are the Khmer Krom, ethnic Cambodians who believe the Vietnamese government is systematically suppressing their traditional culture and Theravada Buddhist religion, and the Hmong and other hill tribes in the northwestern provinces whom government officials sometimes order to renounce their evangelical Protestantism.

Freedom House’s 2013 Freedom in the World report categorized Vietnam as “not free.” The nation received a freedom rating of six overall – five in civil liberties and seven in political rights – on a scale where one is the most free and seven the least. In Freedom House’s Freedom on the Net and Freedom of the Press reports, the nation categorized as “not free.” The people of Vietnam are denied the right to change their government by peaceful means, and the government severely restricts freedom of expression, association, peaceful assembly, and religion.